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Visions of Judgment: The Pale Horse of Pestilence
The world is gripped by headlines of a new and deadly virus coming out of Asia. SARS has killed hundreds and threatens the economic stability of several Asian countries. Is this the leading edge of future plagues mentioned in your Bible, or another warning of the fragility of our modern world?
by Darris McNeely
Disease travels in tandem with fear. While the first can lead to the death of thousands, the second can unravel the social fabric, disrupting the precarious balance of relationships essential for stability of nations.
Today it is SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) that is killing hundreds and causing fear among thousands. Tomorrow it will be another, even greater plague that will sweep across the landscape, leaving death and destruction in its wake.
In this series we have been examining each of the first four seals of Revelation 6. These seals, dramatically depicted by four horsemen, show the effect of false religion, war, famine and disease among the earth's population in the days leading to the return of Jesus Christ.
Each of these seals unleashes powerful forces that seek to destroy human life from the earth. The cumulative effect will lead to such conditions that if Christ did not intervene and cut short the time of trial, "no flesh would be saved" (Matthew 24:22). We come to the fourth seal, the fourth horseman, and his ride of death by disease. It is a timely subject, given the recent emergence of the deadly SARS virus from China.
The fourth horseman
In Revelation 6:7-8 we read the following description of the fourth seal's contents. "When He opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, ‘Come and see.' So I looked, and behold, a pale horse. And the name of him who sat on it was Death, and Hades followed with him. And power was given to them over a fourth of the earth to kill with sword, with hunger, with death and by the beasts of the earth."
The Expositor's Bible Commentary says this about the color of the horse: "‘Pale' (chloros) denotes a yellowish green, the light green of a plant, or the paleness of a sick person in contrast to a healthy appearance."
The seals have a cumulative effect. False religion causes instability within relationships leading to war. Famine follows war, and when malnourishment occurs and social systems break down, humans are susceptible to disease. These seals depict the ferocity of problems unleashed upon the world in the Day of the Lord. By the time the fourth horseman rides, the earth will experience calamity over a fourth of its inhabitants. The death toll will be unlike any from plague and disease in human history.
To understand how bad it can be, let's go back and look at some of the great plagues of history.
The black death
Perhaps the most famous plague in history is the bubonic plague of the 14th century. Estimates are that 20 million people (one third to one half the population of Europe) died in the outbreak. In 1346 reports reached Europe of a devastating disease from China that was affecting many parts of Asia. The next year a mysterious disease appeared in Italy. Ships from the Black Sea sailed into Messina with sailors infected with black boils in their armpits and groins. It was the bubonic plaque.
The disease was so lethal that people were known to go to bed well and die before waking. There were two types of the plague. The first was internal, causing swelling and internal bleeding. This was spread by contact. The second was in the lungs and spread by coughing airborne germs. There was no known prevention or remedy.
Whole towns were depopulated. The social structure completely broke down. Parents abandoned children and husbands and wives left each other to die. In many cases no one was around to bury the dead, both from fear of contagion and lack of care. One report tells of observing 5,000 bodies lying dead in a field.
In that age, the Bible was the primary means to measure any natural calamity. The only way to understand what was happening was to believe the world was coming to an end. There seemed no hope for the future.
The bubonic plague has appeared in modern times as well. The Great Plague of London in 1664-65 resulted in more than 70,000 deaths in a population estimated at 460,000. An outbreak in Canton and Hong Kong in 1894 left 80,000 to 100,000 dead, and within 20 years the disease spread from the southern Chinese ports throughout the whole world, resulting in more than 10,000,000 deaths (Encyclopedia Britannica, article, "Plague").
The plague came to America from Asia in 1899. Today there are still many reported cases, and an average of 15 people die each year. The disease originates in rodents and is usually transmitted to humans by fleas, although animal bites can also be the means of transmission. It is still a virulent disease. As few as 10 bubonic plague cells can cause death in a human.
Human-engineered plague
Throughout its history, plague has been used as an offensive weapon against populations. The Mongols would catapult plague-infested corpses over the walls of besieged cities. Thousands would die as the disease spread rampantly through the contained population.
During World War II Japan dropped plague-infested fleas on China. American research growing out of the war experience led to a decades-long research project at Fort Detrick, Maryland, proving that biological warfare was a feasible method of waging war.
In 1969 President Richard Nixon ordered the research stopped, and in 1972 the United States signed a treaty with 70 other nations outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of biological weapons as a means of war. Despite this treaty, it is known that many developing and major states have developed biological weapons as a means of waging war.
It is known that in the former Soviet Union a sophisticated effort to manufacture biological weapons was conducted during the Cold War years. Specific research was done to genetically alter bubonic plague so as to make it resistant to many forms of modern treatment. Some of the best scientific minds worked for years to produce these strains.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, the tracking and inventory of all this work has been a great concern. It is feared that some of it could have fallen into the hands of terrorist groups and could one day be used against the United States or its allies.
After the first Gulf War in 1991, weapons inspectors confirmed that Iraq had developed biological weapons and had even equipped some warheads with the germs to use against the coalition's forces. The location of these weapons since that time is part of the unsolved mystery of that regime. Are they in the hands of al Qaeda or some other radical Islamist group, waiting to be used on the West?
Are we prepared?
Today America and the West brace themselves for further attacks from terrorist groups. What is perhaps feared most is a biological attack with anthrax, smallpox or some other germ. Experts know that the West is woefully under-prepared for such an attack.
In June 2001, the Center for Strategic and International Studies hosted a senior-level war game examining the national security challenges of a biological attack on the American homeland.
The premise was the appearance of a case of smallpox in Oklahoma City, rapidly spreading throughout the country. Among the lessons learned from the exercise: "An attack on the United States with biological weapons could threaten vital national security interests. Massive civilian casualties, breakdown in essential institutions, violation of democratic processes, civil disorder, loss of confidence in government and reduced U.S. strategic flexibility abroad are among the ways a biological attack might compromise U.S. security."
Other estimates say that within days a million people would be dead and two to three times that many infected. No one knows what lies out there waiting to be used by a group who wishes America harm. We only know that it could happen.
Naturally caused disease
Beyond the human-engineered biowarfare, there is another type of pestilence waiting as well. This one lives in nature and could erupt at any time, according to scientists who study the subject.
"Eighty years ago a sudden mutation in the virus that causes influenza initiated a worldwide epidemic that in only 18 months killed an estimated 25 to 40 million people around the world. Many consider this to be the worst natural disaster in history" (Hillary J. Johnson, "Killer Flu," Rolling Stone, Jan. 22, 1998).
Some historians feel this epidemic hastened the end of World War I.
Recent work by scientists studying infectious diseases has sounded warnings that this could occur again.
One expert, W.I.B. Beveridge, says, "There is no known reason why there should not be another catastrophic pandemic like that of 1918 or even worse. The flu always has the capability of becoming a global plague: a spark in a remote corner of the world could start a fire that scorches us all. Should a super flu like that of 1918 make a comeback now that the population has quadrupled and more than a million people cross international boundaries on jets each day, experts say it could kill hundreds of millions" (ibid.).
Influenza is one of the most underrated biomedical hazards in today's world. It is possible that new super strains may already be evolving. Medical science takes eight months or more to create a vaccine once a new strain appears. They know they cannot stop a pandemic. By the time authorities understand what is happening, it would be too late to spare millions.
The recent outbreak of SARS in China was rapidly identified and its genetic makeup fully decoded in a matter of weeks. Scientists from around the world worked together using the latest technology and communication tools to make this breakthrough. By contrast, it took several years to do the same with the HIV virus when it first surfaced more than 20 years ago.
However, it could take years to develop a viable vaccine to combat SARS. In the meantime other mutant strains are waiting to jump the species barrier from animals to humans. When they do, the results could be catastrophic. A breakdown caused by war in one part of the world, coupled with an outbreak of influenza, as in World War I, would be all it would take to set in motion a disease pandemic on the scale of those in the book of Revelation.
The seals in context
When we look at the four seals of Revelation 6, we have to understand them in the context of God's age-long message to mankind. False religion, war, famine and disease are the results of man's broken relationship with God. And when these horsemen make their rides, it will be after repeated warning and pleading from God to turn from sin and live righteously based on His eternal law of love toward God and man.
When God first set Israel in a land of promise, He gave them instruction on how to live and conduct their affairs in a way that would bring peace and harmony. God wanted them to live with blessing and abundance, not suffering and misery. In His basic instruction, God told how to avoid the problems brought by the opening of these seals. Notice the pattern set in Leviticus 26.
"You shall not make idols for yourselves; neither a carved image nor a sacred pillar shall you rear for yourselves; nor shall you set up an engraved stone in your land, to bow down to it; for I am the LORD your God" (Leviticus 26:1).
Here is the solution to false religion, the first seal. Any form of worship other than that given by God is a false idol having no value or validity. It is nothing, without meaning or sense, and leads to wrong knowledge and lack of understanding of the true God and His purpose for human life. It therefore breaks the bond between God and His creation and leads to false systems of religion. When this bond is broken, human relationships suffer, leading to conflict and war, the second of the seals.
Verse 6 says, "I will give peace in the land, and you shall lie down, and none will make you afraid." This peace is a gift from God when man obeys Him from the heart and puts His laws and ways first.
"If you walk in My statutes and keep My commandments, and perform them, then I will give you rain in its season, the land shall yield its produce, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit" (Leviticus 26:3-4). No famine. Plenty of food from an abundant harvest is the result of obedience.
When God brought Israel out of Egypt, He told them none of the diseases of the Egyptians would be in their midst (Exodus 15:26). However, if they disobeyed and broke the covenant, they could expect disease to go through their families. Notice, "But if you will not obey the voice of the Lord your God...the Lord will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land into which you go to possess. The Lord will smite you with consumption, with fever and inflammation...and the tumors, the scurvy and the itch, from which you cannot be healed. The Lord will smite you with madness and blindness and dismay of [mind and] heart" (Deuteronomy 28:15, 21-22, 27-28, Amplified Bible).
Bound within the promises of blessings and cursings is the larger context for the four seals of Revelation 6. The human race is bound to its Creator in a relationship that will reach a conclusion. God will accomplish His purpose of bringing many sons to glory. Man will come face to face with God and admit that He is the one true God.
The book of Revelation shows God's merciful intervention in human affairs to both correct and save man from destruction. God will bring justice to the earth, but there will first be a time of unparalleled tribulation.
The fifth horseman
Currently the world is experiencing something resembling panic resulting from the appearance of the SARS virus. In Hong Kong all places of entertainment were temporarily shut down. Cities such as Toronto, Ontario, were put on a warning list as possible places to avoid due to the incidence of SARS cases.
The world media machine has contributed to both an awareness of the disease and a fear that is possibly out of proportion to the current danger posed by the virus. The economic impact due to decreased tourist and business travel will have a significant impact on many areas.
One can only imagine the worldwide impact to come from the ride of the pale horseman. The world has yet to see such a ride.
Which brings us to the only hope this world has to survive this devastating stampede. People commonly refer to these four seals as the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse." Doing so only focuses on the destruction they bring. There is no hope in this picture.
But John saw more than four horsemen in his vision. He saw five. Revelation 19:11-16 shows us the ride of the fifth horseman. It is the appearance of Jesus Christ, on a white horse from heaven, intervening in world affairs at its most crucial point. In our last article in this series we will focus on this "horseman of hope," the King of Kings and Lord of Lords whose appearance will bring the everlasting Kingdom of righteousness. —WNP
Lessons From the SARS Epidemic
by Scott Ashley
For weeks scientists, researchers and health officials have found themselves in a desperate scramble to determine the origin of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic that has now infected almost 5,000 people and killed more than 300. They've been baffled by the sudden emergence of the disease and panicked by its rapid spread to some 30 countries.
The latest theory about the origin of the epidemic should be of great interest to those who take the Bible seriously, particularly its instructions regarding health and diet.
The combined worldwide death toll of the last two great influenza epidemics—the 1957 Asian flu and the 1968 Hong Kong flu—together exceeded 1.5 million people. Both epidemics have been traced to China's Guangdong province, which includes Hong Kong. SARS may yet prove to be the third devastating epidemic to arise from that region.
What is it about this area of South China that gives birth to such new and deadly viral strains?
An article on Time magazine's Asian edition Web site explains that "for centuries, Guangdong province has had the world's largest concentration of humans, pigs and fowl living in close proximity, explaining why many influenza outbreaks can be traced back to that region" (www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501030407/other_bugs.html).
This particular combination of people, pigs and poultry has proven deadly. Fowl—particularly ducks, geese and chickens—can become infected with varieties of avian (bird) flu. Normally that isn't a problem to human beings, because the avian flu varieties can't infect people. However, when pigs are added to the mix—and in the crowded farms of southern China all three species are practically living on top of each other—the combination can become lethal.
In such conditions, avian flu viruses are passed from poultry to pigs, and ultimately to people. The Time article explains: "Pigs are particularly dangerous [for the creation of new diseases that affect people], because they can be infected by human viruses and those from animals such as rodents and fowl, making them the most potent mixing vessels in which pathogens can mutate and jump from animal species to humans."
Within pigs, viruses can mingle their genetic material and form new strains that in turn are passed back to the farmers. Having no immunity to such new viral strains, the farmers' immune systems cannot fight off the invader and a new epidemic is off and running. And in a country of well over a billion people, human-to-human spread of the disease is simple and quick.
A variation of this theory appeared on WorldNetDaily, suggesting that the viral exchange may take place on a somewhat different level. "In southern provinces of China, farmers raise hens, ducks, pigs and fish in one integrated system. They use the droppings and leftover food from the pigs to feed the fowl. The fowl droppings, in turn, help fertilize the fish ponds. While it sounds like a perfect system, raising three different species with no waste, the species may be exchanging viruses among themselves through the feces" (www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=32244).
If the whole idea sounds disgusting, it is. And God thought so too. One of the crucial health principles He revealed to the ancient Israelites some 3,500 years ago was that bodily waste should be buried in the ground, not recycled as food (Deuteronomy 23:12-13). Bacteria in the soil would detoxify the waste, transforming it into useful fertilizer as He intended—a process mankind wouldn't discover until many centuries later.
But there's more to the story, too. God never intended for human beings and pigs to live in close proximity—and He certainly never intended for people to eat them. In Leviticus 11:7 and Deuteronomy 14:8 He declares swine (along with a number of other creatures) as "unclean," designating them as unfit for human consumption. Included also are spiders, snakes, snails, frogs, rats, mice and the like—things most of us would never be tempted to put into our mouths.
God doesn't spell out the reasons for not eating certain types of animals. However, in recent years medical doctors and nutritionists have discovered sound reasons for not ingesting the flesh of these creatures. You can find some of this research summarized in our free booklet What Does the Bible Teach About Clean and Unclean Meats? (www.ucg.org/booklets/CU).
It appears that the SARS epidemic, if indeed it is proven to have originated in this melting pot of people, pigs and poultry—may well have been entirely preventable. The AIDS epidemic, as we have discussed previously in issues of The Good News, was likewise preventable and never would have arisen had everyone simply obeyed God's laws (http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn43/editorial43.htm, http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn31/aids.htm).
New diseases are appearing at the rate of more than one per year. Who knows how many of them could be prevented if only people would follow the instructions of our Creator?—WNP